A balance sheet may be defined as “a statement prepared with a view to measure the exact financial position of a business on a certain date.

“It is prepared from the trial balance after all the balances of nominal accounts are transferred to trading and profit and loss account and corresponding accounts in the ledger are closed. The balances now left in the trial balance are either personal or real accounts. In other words, they either represent assets or liabilities existing on the date of closing of accounts.

All these assets and liabilities are displayed in the balance sheet according to certain principles such as :

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How Secret reserve is created?

A secret reserve is created by the following methods:

1. By under valuation of assets much below their cost or market value, such as investment, stock in trade, etc.

2. By not writing up the value of an asset, the price of which has permanently gone up.

3. By creating excessive reserve for bad and doubtful debts or discount on sundry debtors.

4. By providing, excessive depreciation on fixed assets.

5. By writing down goodwill to a nominal value.

6. By omitting some of the assets altogether from balance sheet.

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